The Scilly Naval Disaster (1707)

Celebrated English Admiral Cloudesley Shovell was returning from an abortive attack on Toulon, France, in 1707 when his ship and several others struck rocks off the Scilly Islands, southwest of England. In one of the greatest maritime disasters in British history, Shovell is believed to have drowned along with as many as 2,000 sailors. According to one of the many legends about the disaster, Shovell reached the shore alive, only to be murdered by a woman who stole what priceless object from him? Discuss

Doris Lessing (1919)

Lessing was a British writer and winner of the 2007 Nobel Prize for Literature. Born in Iran, she moved with her family to a farm in what was Southern Rhodesia in 1924 and lived there until 1949, when she settled in England and began her writing career. Her work often addresses social and political themes, particularly the place of women in society. The Golden Notebook, her most widely read novel, is considered a feminist classic, although Lessing herself said what about feminists? Discuss

The Qianlong Emperor

Hongli took the title of Qianlong—meaning “the Era of Strong Prosperity”—when his imperial reign of China began in 1735. Ironically, by the end of Qianlong’s reign in 1796, expensive military expeditions and corruption had nearly exhausted the funds of the Imperial Treasury. A patron of the arts, the Qianlong Emperor commissioned a catalogue of all important Chinese cultural works that took 20 years to complete and consisted of 36,000 volumes. How many copyists were involved in the project? Discuss

Sir Georg Solti (1912)

Solti was a Hungarian-born British conductor. Not long after making his piano debut at age 12, he decided he wanted to conduct. He returned to piano during WWII and won the 1942 Geneva International Competition. After the war, he began conducting again and led orchestras all over Europe and the US. As director of the Royal Opera House, he made the first full recording of Richard Wagner’s Ring cycle, one of history’s most celebrated recordings. How did he earn the nickname “the screaming skull”? Discuss

Pharming

Pharming is a type of cyber attack that aims to collect confidential user information by redirecting a website’s traffic to a different, bogus website that appears identical to the original site. By hacking into DNS servers—the “phone books” of the internet—and changing IP addresses, high-tech criminals can automatically redirect users to their phony sites. In recent years, pharming has become a major concern for e-commerce and online banking sites. How does pharming differ from phishing? Discuss

Arthur "Art" Buchwald (1925)

Buchwald was an American humorist who started as a columnist covering the lighter side of Parisian life. After moving to Washington, DC, in 1961, he began poking fun at issues in the news and soon became one of the sharpest satirists of American politics and modern life. His syndicated column of wry humor eventually appeared in more than 500 papers worldwide, and he was awarded a Pulitzer Prize for his work in 1982. What was unusual about his video obituary featured by The New York Times? Discuss

Korenizatsiya: "Putting Down Roots"

Meant to counteract decades of Russification—the promotion of Russian identity over indigenous culture during the imperial period—korenizatsiya was a Soviet policy that involved encouraging citizens to become literate and educated in the languages of their people and promoting members of the ethnic elite to positions of power. The policy began in the 1920s under Vladimir Lenin, who used it to spread communism. Who was the young revolutionary who conceived the policy—and later opposed it? Discuss