I Love Lucy Premieres (1951)

In 1951, Lucille Ball became one of the first movie stars—and the first woman—to headline a television series. The prototypical situation comedy, I Love Lucy became a spectacular success, showcasing Ball’s comic energy, flair for slapstick, and chemistry with her co-star and real-life husband, Desi Arnaz, as they portrayed the zany middle-class couple Lucy and Ricky Ricardo. The program is still syndicated today. What word was once prohibited from being used on I Love Lucy? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Kenka Matsuri

The Kenka Matsuri (Roughhouse Festival) takes place October 14-15 in Shirahama, Japan, and thousands flock to the shrine where the festival is held. The roughhousing starts as teams of mikoshi-bearers jostle each other for position in the procession to the Matsubara Hachiman Shrine. Once they reach the shrine, they spin their heavy burden, raise it up high in the air and let it crash to the ground—difficult maneuvers designed to thrill the crowd. The mikoshi engage in a final battle in an open field, where thousands of cheering spectators take sides and and egg them on. Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Virgil (70 BCE)

Virgil was a Roman poet and the author of the Eclogues, the Georgics, and the Aeneid, widely regarded as one of the greatest long poems in world literature. The Aeneid, Rome’s national epic, tells the legendary story of the Trojan hero Aeneas, whose descendants become the founders of Rome. What later poet portrayed Virgil as the guide to Hell in his great literary classic The Divine Comedy? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

The Incandescent Light Bulb

Now the iconic symbol for an idea, the electric incandescent light bulb was independently produced in the late 1870s by Joseph Swan and Thomas Edison—and perhaps earlier by others. However, Edison has received the major credit for this invention because he also developed the power lines and other equipment needed for a lighting system. Financed by the likes of J.P. Morgan and the Vanderbilts, Edison achieved success using a carbon filament in his design. How do incandescent light bulbs work? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

World’s Oldest Surviving Film Shot (1888)

Roundhay Garden Scene is an 1888 short film directed by French inventor Louis Le Prince, who is widely recognized as the world’s first filmmaker. Recorded at 12 frames per second, it is the earliest surviving film, predating efforts by Thomas Edison and the Lumière brothers. However, Le Prince was never able to capitalize on his innovation—he disappeared in 1890 while on his way to publicly exhibit the film. How long are the existing copies of the film? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Frankfurt Book Fair

The world’s largest annual trade show for the book publishing industry, held annually for five days in Frankfurt, Germany, attracts exhibitors from about 110 countries and is attended by more than 250,000 people. Trade fairs have been a tradition in Frankfurt for at least 800 years, and book fairs were held in the 16th century, when the city had become the center of German publishing. The book fair had been chiefly an event for German publishers before 1939, but it grew in a few years to be the world’s preeminent book fair. In its present form, the fair is officially dated to 1949. Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Mobutu Sese Seko (1930)

Mobutu was the president of Zaïre—now the Democratic Republic of the Congo—from 1965 to 1997. His repressive regime resulted in corruption and poverty, while he amassed one of the largest personal fortunes in the world. He was overthrown in 1997 and died in exile in Morocco. As part of his policies, he required Africanization of all European names, changing the Congo’s name to Zaïre and his own name, Joseph Désiré Mobutu, to Mobutu Sese Seko Kuku Ngbendu Wa Za Banga, which means what? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Chemical Burns

A chemical burn occurs when living tissue is exposed to any of six types of chemical substance. Acids, bases, oxidizers, solvents, and reducing agents can all cause chemical burns without the presence of a heat source. Burns may occur right away, though they may not be immediately evident. Symptoms include itching, bleaching or darkening of the skin, burning sensations, trouble breathing, and tissue necrosis. What substances can produce chemical burns hours after contact with human skin? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary