ENIAC, Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, Unveiled (1946)

ENIAC was an early electronic digital computer built in the US by engineers J. Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchly. The massive ENIAC weighed 30 tons, filled an entire room, and used some 18,000 vacuum tubes, 70,000 resistors, and 10,000 capacitors. After its official unveiling in 1946, it was used to prepare artillery-shell trajectory tables and perform other military and scientific calculations. When ENIAC solved its first test problem, it made calculations for what? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Valentine’s Day

How St. Valentine became the patron saint of lovers remains a mystery, but one theory is that the Church used the day in an attempt to Christianize the old Roman Lupercalia, a pagan festival that entailed putting girls’ names in a box and letting the boys draw them out. The Church substituted saints’ names for girls’ names, but, by the 16th century, it was once again girls’ names that ended up in the box. Eventually, the custom of sending anonymous cards or messages to those one admired became the accepted way of celebrating St. Valentine’s Day. Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Jack Benny (1894)

Benny made his vaudeville debut playing the violin in 1912. After discovering a talent for comedy while in the navy, he returned to vaudeville as a comedian. He made his film debut in 1927 and appeared in 18 films between 1930 and 1945. His weekly radio show—1932 to 1955—and TV show—1950 to 1965—won loyal audiences, and he became famous for a unique comic style characterized by subtle verbal inflection, meaningful pauses, and the stage image of a vain, stingy man. What was Benny’s real name? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Waterboarding

Waterboarding, a torture method that simulates drowning, has existed in various forms since the time of the Spanish Inquisition. Generally, water is poured over the face of an immobilized prisoner, inducing the gag reflex and mimicking sensations associated with drowning. The technique gained international attention in 2006, when reports surfaced charging the US with torturing detainees during the “War on Terror.” When CIA officers were waterboarded during training, how quickly did they break? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Thomas Edison Observes the Edison Effect (1880)

Known as “the Edison Effect,” thermionic emission is the emission of electrons or ions by substances that are highly heated. The charged particles that are emitted are called thermions, and their number rapidly increases with the temperature of the substance. If the heated substance that emits thermions carries a charge, the thermions will carry the same charge. The effect was observed by Edison in 1883 when he was working on what invention? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Washington’s Birthday Celebration

Every year, Alexandria, Virginia, hosts an array of activities devoted to George Washington, including the nation’s largest parade honoring the father of the country. The first parade to honor him was in 1798, when he came from his Mt. Vernon home to review the troops in front of Gadsby’s Tavern. The present-day festivities get off to an elegant start over the weekend with a banquet followed by the George Washington Birthnight Ball in Gadsby’s Tavern, a duplication of the birthday-eve parties held in Washington’s lifetime. On Monday is the big parade. Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Sir Joseph Banks (1743)

Banks was a British naturalist, botanist, and patron of the sciences. After inheriting a large fortune in his early 20s, he began traveling extensively, collecting plant and natural history specimens. He outfitted and accompanied James Cook’s voyage around the world, during which time he collected many biological specimens that had never before been classified. His herbarium, one of the most important in existence, and library are now at the British Museum. What plant genus was named after him? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Conan the Bacterium

Deinococcus radiodurans has been listed as the world’s toughest bacterium in The Guinness Book of World Records because of its extraordinary resistance to extreme conditions. It is the most radioresistant organism known to science and is able to rapidly repair damage to its genome. Many question how such a resilient bacterium could evolve on Earth, and some have suggested that the organism is actually of Martian origin. How do they propose the bacterium came to this planet? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary