North American Aerospace Defense Command Founded (1958)

North American Aerospace Defense Command, commonly abbreviated NORAD, is a bi-national command of the US and Canada that maintains the sovereignty of North American airspace by providing aerospace surveillance as well as warning and assessment of aerospace attacks. Headquartered deep inside Cheyenne Mountain in Colorado, NORAD was formed in 1958 during the Cold War to provide security in the event of a Soviet nuclear attack. What false alarms have occurred since its inception? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Cheung Chau Bun Festival

This festival is one of the most spectacular events in Hong Kong, celebrated only on Cheung Chau, one of the outlying islands. Three bamboo towers, up to about 60 feet high and covered with sweet pink and white buns, are dedicated to the spirits and intended to placate them. The buns placed highest in the towers are held to be the luckiest, and people climb up in a race to get them. In the highlight of the festival, the images of the temple gods are carried in a procession of lion and dragon dancers and children aged about five to eight, who seem to float above the procession. Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Katharine Hepburn (1907)

Hepburn made her Broadway debut in 1928 and became a star with her first film, A Bill of Divorcement, in 1932. She brought a spirited individuality and strength of character to the screen in her roles in films such as Bringing Up Baby, The Philadelphia Story, and The African Queen. She made eight films with her longtime partner Spencer Tracy, eventually starring in 43 films. No actress has ever won more Academy Awards than Hepburn. How many did she win? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Damnatio Memoriae

Damnatio memoriae is a Latin phrase meaning “damnation of memory.” The practice was a form of dishonor that could be passed by the Roman Senate upon traitors or others who brought disgrace to Rome. The sanction, a form of removal from remembrance, essentially erased all traces of a person from public life and record in order to preserve the honor of the Roman State. What interfered with the Senate’s attempt to obliterate all records of Emperor Caligula? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Siam Is Renamed Thailand (1949)

Thailand’s origin is traditionally tied to the short-lived kingdom of Sukhothai founded in 1238. After contact with the west in the 16th century, adroit diplomacy enabled Siam to remain independent of European colonization, the only country in Southeast Asia able to do so. A mostly bloodless revolution established a constitutional monarchy in Siam in 1932. Seven years later, under Pibul Songgram’s military dictatorship, the name Thailand was adopted. What does the word thai mean? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Yom Ha’atzmaut (Israel Independence Day)

Known in Hebrew as Yom ha-Atzama’ut, this day commemorates the proclamation of independence by Palestinian Jews and the establishment of a provisional government in Israel on May 14, 1948 (5 Iyyar 5708 on the Jewish calendar). It is observed with parties, performances, and military parades, as well as religious rituals, which include the reading of Psalms. A popular custom on this day for Israelis is to walk at least a short distance somewhere in the country where they have never walked before. Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Hieronymus Carl Friedrich von Münchhausen (1720)

Münchhausen was a German baron who became legendary for his fantastic stories about his adventures as a hunter, sportsman, and soldier. Sent in his youth to serve as a page, he later joined the Russian military and served until 1750, taking part in two campaigns against the Ottoman Turks. Returning home, Münchhausen acquired a reputation as an honest businessman but also as a teller of tall tales. His stories included his account of having ridden a cannonball and what other outrageous claims? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Birds’ Beaks

Beaks are horny, projecting structures that form the mandibles of birds. They are generally strong, sharp, and useful in striking and tearing. The beak’s function varies significantly from species to species; it can be used to kill prey, probe for food, manipulate objects, groom, or feed young birds, and its size and shape vary accordingly. Though beaks are worn down over time, they grow continuously throughout the birds’ lifetimes. What species of bird uses its beak to “kiss” during courtship? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary