Elizabeth Fry (1780)

Fry was an English prison reformer as well as an advocate of higher nursing standards and the education of working women. From 1813, she worked untiringly to improve the conditions for women in Newgate prison, advocating separation of the sexes, employment, and religious training. Her successful methods at Newgate impressed the government and were tried in other prisons. She also helped the homeless, founding soup kitchens and shelters in London. On what unit of currency is Fry pictured? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Senescence

Biologically speaking, senescence is the process of deterioration that follows the development of an organism. In 1965, Leonard Hayflick discovered that normal diploid cells divide in cell culture about 50 times before entering a senescence phase during which they can replicate no more. Each cell division shortens the telomere of the cell’s DNA, thus ticking back an “inner clock” for each subsequent copy of the cell. How does this mechanism protect the body from disease? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Shake-Speares Sonnets First Published (1609)

Shakespeare penned 154 sonnets in his lifetime. Likely written sometime in the 1590s, the majority of the poems were first published in a 1609 work titled Shake-Speares Sonnets. The first 126 of the 154 sonnets are addressed to a young man whose identity has long intrigued scholars. The publisher, Thomas Thorpe, wrote a dedication to the first edition in which he claimed that a person with the initials WH had inspired the sonnets. What are some theories about who the man might have been? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Dolley Madison (1768)

Dolley Madison was the wife of US President James Madison, whom she married in 1794, after the death of her first husband. Noted for her magnificence as a hostess as well as for her charm, Dolley was an extremely popular first lady and was a great asset to Madison’s political career. During the War of 1812, she saved many state papers and a portrait of George Washington from the advancing British soldiers. Why did she perform the duties of the first lady during Thomas Jefferson’s administration? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

The Loveland Frog

In 1955, a businessman reported seeing a frog-faced humanlike creature under a bridge in Loveland, Ohio. Nearly 20 years later, local police reportedly sighted the elusive creature, dubbed the Loveland Frog, and unsuccessfully attempted to shoot it. One of the officers allegedly described the creature as standing 3 to 4 feet tall, weighing between 50 to 75 pounds, having leathery skin, a frog- or lizard-like face, and, possibly, a tail. What are some explanations for these sightings? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Marilyn Monroe Sings “Happy Birthday, Mr. President” (1962)

In 1962, US President John F. Kennedy’s birthday was celebrated with a lavish party at Madison Square Garden in New York City. During the event, Monroe took the stage and delivered a sultry version of “Happy Birthday,” substituting “Mr. President” for Kennedy’s name, a gesture that has served to fuel the persistent rumors that she and Kennedy had engaged in an affair. The performance was one of Monroe’s last major public appearances. What did Kennedy say about the song during the party? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary