Malcolm X (1925-1965) was an outspoken leader in the black nationalist movement of the 1960s. He converted to the Muslim faith while serving time in prison, and, upon his release, began touring the country on behalf of the Nation of Islam. During most of his career, Malcolm X advocated violence (for self-protection) and had a reputation for fanaticism and racism; however, he changed his outlook after his pilgrimage to Mecca. He was assassinated at a rally in Harlem shortly after. His birthday is still observed in most major American cities with a large African-American population. Discuss
Source: The Free Dictionary
Hopkins, a US merchant and financier, worked with an uncle as a wholesale grocer before going into business with his brothers in 1819. As he continued to prosper, his interests diversified into banking, insurance companies, steamship lines, and railroads. In his will, he set aside $7 million—the largest philanthropic bequest in US history at the time—for the founding of a free hospital and university in Baltimore, Maryland. His will also called for the establishment of what other institution? 
The pileus quadratus, a type of Roman skullcap topped with a horizontal square board, has given rise to a number of similar cap styles, among them the biretta worn by the Roman Catholic clergy and the academic mortarboard cap. The academic headgear is embellished with a tassel or liripipe, which may be dyed black, colored to represent the graduate’s area of expertise, or matched to a school’s colors. According to urban legend, why did some UK universities cease to use the cap? 
Reaching 27,890 ft (8,501 m), Lhotse is the fourth highest mountain on Earth. Tibetan for “south peak,” it is located in the Himalayas on the Nepal-Tibet border and is connected to Mount Everest by a 25,000-ft (7,620-m) ridge. The first ascent of the mountain was made by Swiss climbers Fritz Luchsinger and Ernest Reiss in 1956. Thirty years later, what mountaineer summited Lhotse, becoming the first climber to have ascended all 14 mountains on Earth that peak more than 8,000 m above sea level? 
This festival provides the most spectacular display of ancient 
Käsebier was one of the most influential American photographers of the early 20th century and a promoter of photography as a career for women. She photographed famous figures like the sculptor Auguste Rodin and American showman Buffalo Bill, but she is best known for her evocative images of motherhood and portraits of Native Americans. In 1899, Alfred Stieglitz declared her “the leading artistic portrait photographer of the day,” but a decade later, he was speaking out against her work. Why? 
According to Zoroastrian tradition, a dead body is unclean and must be disposed of in a safe manner. To prevent the pollution of earth or fire, dead bodies are placed atop a tower, where they are exposed to the sun and birds of prey. The towers are circular raised structures with nearly flat roofs that are divided into three concentric rings; one ring is designated for the bodies of men, one for women, and one for children. Who coined the term “tower of silence”?