Greek Fire

Produced using a secret formula that remains a mystery to this day, Greek fire was a burning-liquid weapon used by the Byzantine Greeks, Arabs, Chinese, and Mongols. Early on, it took the form of a burning cloth ball fired with a catapult. Later advances produced a flamethrower-like device that discharged a stream of burning fluid which, according to many historical accounts, water could not extinguish. What are some of the ingredients thought to have been used in the production of Greek fire? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Hiram Bingham III Locates Machu Picchu (1911)

Bingham was an American archaeologist who explored the Inca ruins of Machu Picchu, which he incorrectly identified as the “lost city” of Vilcabamba, bringing them to the attention of the outside world for the first time. Ironically, he was also the first modern explorer to reach Espiritu Pampa, found 60 mi (110 km) east of Machu Picchu, a site now widely recognized as the actual remains of Vilcabamba. A Yale University lecturer, Bingham may have been the inspiration for what fictional character? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Manitoba Sunflower Festival

The Mennonites were members of an evangelical Protestant sect named for Menno Simons, a Dutch priest. A number of Russian Mennonites settled in Manitoba, Canada, where their heritage is still celebrated. Because the Mennonites were the first to extract the oil from sunflower plants, the city of Altona honors its Mennonite heritage with an annual Sunflower Festival, offering a number of Mennonite foods such as veriniki, borscht, and rollkuchen. Activities include the Great Ping Pong Ball Drop, motorcross races, pancake breakfasts, and a huge farmers’ market. Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Zelda Sayre Fitzgerald (1900)

Zelda Sayre was an aspiring writer when she married F. Scott Fitzgerald in 1920. A glamorous and witty couple, they lived an extravagant life in New York City that F. Scott unsuccessfully attempted to support with his writing. They eventually moved to Europe, where they became part of a celebrated circle of American expatriates known as the Lost Generation. After 1930, Zelda was intermittently confined to sanatoriums for schizophrenia but still managed to publish short stories and what novel? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

The Philosopher’s Stone

Long sought as the “holy grail” of Western alchemy, the philosopher’s stone is a legendary substance that is supposedly capable of turning inexpensive metals into gold and is believed by some to have the power to restore youth. At one time, alchemists believed a key ingredient of the stone was a mythical element called “carmot.” According to legend, to whom did 13th-century scientist Albertus Magnus give the philosopher’s stone after discovering it shortly before his death? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

The “Gimli Glider”: Air Canada Flight Runs Out of Fuel Mid-Flight (1983)

The “Gimli Glider” is the nickname given to Air Canada Flight 143, which ran out of fuel on a routine flight from Montreal to Edmonton in 1983. The crew was able to glide the aircraft safely to an emergency landing at a retired airstrip in Gimli, Manitoba, even through part of the runway had been converted into a racetrack and a large event was being held there at the time. Amazingly, no passengers or bystanders suffered any serious injuries. Why did the plane run out of fuel? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary