Topsy the Elephant is Executed by Electrocution (1903)

Topsy was a circus elephant at Coney Island’s Luna Park. After killing three people—at least one of whom was mistreating her at the time—in as many years, she was deemed a threat and scheduled to be put down. After hanging was ruled out after being deemed too cruel, Thomas Edison suggested electrocution in an attempt to further his campaign to portray alternating current electricity as dangerous. Electrocuted with 6,600 volts, Topsy died in seconds. How many people witnessed the execution? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Myanmar Independence Day

The southeast Asian country of Burma, renamed Myanmar in 1989 by its military government, was given independence from Britain on January 4, 1948. The former capital, Yangon (formerly Rangoon), is decorated for the Independence Day festivities, and the day is marked by sports and fairs in most cities. Burmese people dress in their national costume, which consists of an aingyi (blouse or shirt) and a longyi (skirt); panthay khowse (noodles and chicken) is traditionally served on this day, as is nga sak kin (curried fish balls). Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Jakob Ludwig Carl Grimm (1785)

More than just a compiler of fairy tales, Jacob Grimm was a German philologist who formulated the linguistic principle known as Grimm’s law and who, along with his brother Wilhelm, began work on a vast historical dictionary of the German language that took over a century to complete. The Brothers Grimm are best known, however, for their compilation of some 200 German folk tales, known as Grimm’s Fairy Tales, that helped establish the science of folklore. How did they collect the stories? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Transient Lunar Phenomena

Transient lunar phenomena are short-lived lights, colors, or other changes in the appearance of the moon’s surface. Reports of such events have been recorded for at least 1,000 years and range from foggy patches to major changes in the lunar landscape. Though some have been observed independently by multiple witnesses or reputable scientists, the vast majority of accounts have come from a single observer or from a single location. What explanations have been given for the phenomena? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

NASA’s Mars Polar Lander Launched (1999)

The distance from Earth to Mars fluctuates between approximately 35 million mi (56 million km) and 63 million mi (101 million km). In 1999, NASA’s Mars Polar Lander, on a mission to analyze soil samples, made the long journey to the Red Planet only to fail to re-establish communications following its entry into Mars’s atmosphere. After the lander was declared lost, an investigation determined that it likely crashed onto the Martian surface. How long did it take the lander to reach Mars? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Lucretia Coffin Mott (1793)

Mott was an American social reformer and women’s rights advocate. She attended a Quaker boarding school near Poughkeepsie, New York, where she later taught, and became an official Quaker minister in 1821. She was active in the antislavery campaign and lectured widely on social reform. In 1848, she and Elizabeth Cady Stanton organized the Seneca Falls Convention, which launched the US women’s suffrage movement. On what issue was Mott’s stance at odds with that of the mainstream women’s movement? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Bloodletting

Bloodletting is one of the oldest medical techniques, practiced from antiquity through the 18th century. It involves the withdrawal of considerable quantities of blood from a patient, and practitioners believe it can cure or prevent a number of illnesses and diseases. Numerous bloodletting methods have been employed over the centuries, including drawing blood directly from large veins, puncturing arteries, and even using leeches. A form of bloodletting is still used today to treat what diseases? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary