Repudiation Day

The Stamp Act of 1765 forced the American colonies to pay a tax on various official documents and publications, such as legal papers, liquor permits, lawyers’ licenses, and school diplomas. In defiance of the new law, the court of Frederick County, Maryland, declared that it would carry on its business without the tax stamps required by the Act. The date on which the Stamp Act was repudiated, November 23, has been observed for many years as a half-holiday in Frederick County to commemorate this.

ranch

biscuit shooter – A waitress at a lunch counter or a cook on a ranch. More…

dude, dude ranch – A dude is a city-dweller, especially one vacationing on a ranch—hence, dude ranch. More…

ranch dressing – A creamy buttermilk-based dressing with garlic and other spices and herbs, developed at Hidden Valley Ranch in Santa Barbara in the 1950s. More…

ranch – From Spanish rancho, “group of persons eating together.” More…

Red River Ox Carts

Red River ox carts were a vital form of transportation during the 19th-century westward expansion in the US and Canada. They carried fur to trading posts in places like St. Paul, Minnesota, and then carried supplies back to settlements along the Red River of the North, which now forms the Minnesota–North Dakota border. Built entirely of wood and animal hide—and no metal—the carts typically had two wheels, which were notorious for their constant creaking. Why couldn’t their axles be greased? Discuss

twigs

drey – A squirrel’s nest of twigs in a tree. More…

broom – Was first called a besom, but evolved because many of them were made of twigs from the wild broom shrub. More…

lop – The smaller branches and twigs of a tree. More…

whiskers – Originally the word for a bundle of feathers, twigs, etc. used for whisking (from “whisk”), it then came to denote the projecting hairs or bristles of mammals. More…

Hanno the Navigator

Hanno was a Carthaginian explorer who, in the 5th century BCE, led about 60 ships to explore and colonize the northwestern coast of Africa. Attempts to identify the places mentioned in early accounts of the voyage have failed, possibly because the Carthaginians altered details to discourage competitors. Still, it is believed that Hanno traveled at least as far as Senegal, and possibly as far as Cameroon or Gabon. At the end of the journey, Hanno reported finding an island populated with what? Discuss