The Saxon Wars

In 772 CE, Charlemagne invaded pagan Saxony—what is now northwestern Germany—intending to absorb the region into his Frankish realm. However, for the next 30 years, the Saxons had to be repeatedly re-conquered before their resistance was finally crushed. The Saxon pagans were converted to Christianity more than once before finally accepting Frankish rule. Charlemagne stood in as godfather for their leader, Widukind, at his baptism. What did Charlemagne do with the last unruly tribe of Saxons? Discuss

Marshall Islands President's Day

The Republic of the Marshall Islands has designated November 17 as President’s Day, a day to remember the nation’s first president, Amata Kabua. Kabua started his career as a school teacher and rose to become paramount chief of the Island of Majuro and head of state of the Marshall Islands. He served five terms as president of the Marshall Islands, beginning in 1979 when the country became independent and continuing until his death in 1996. Discuss

The Serpent Mound

Located in rural Adams County, Ohio, the Serpent Mound is an effigy of a snake built into the earth. Believed to have been created around 1070 CE, the curving, grassy mound is about 1,330 feet (405 m) long and about 3 feet (1 m) high. Though scholars originally attributed the mound to the Adena culture, the effigy has more recently been dated to the time of the Fort Ancient culture. It is still unclear who built it, or why. What unusual event might have prompted the building of the mound? Discuss