Christkindlesmarkt

Christkindlesmarkt is the biggest and best known of the Christmas markets of Germany. The market in Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany, has been held since 1697 in the city’s Hauptmarkt (“main market”). More than 100 booths are set up to offer only goods directly related to Christmas, and food booths sell Nuremberg’s specialties—Lebkuchen, or gingerbread, and Zwetschgenmannlein, which are little people-shaped confections. The three-week festival is inaugurated with choral singing, the pealing of church bells, and illumination of a creche. Discuss

Leishmaniasis

Spread by the bite of a bloodsucking sand fly, leishmaniasis is a tropical disease caused by parasitic protozoans. The cutaneous form of the disease causes deep, disfiguring lesions at the site of the bite, most of which heal spontaneously months later. The visceral form of the disease—also known as kala-azar—affects the internal organs and is usually fatal. Currently, there is no vaccine that can prevent leishmaniasis. What city is considered the cutaneous leishmaniasis capital of the world? Discuss

Thuggee

Thuggee was a historic form of organized crime that existed in India for centuries before its extinction in the mid-1800s. Because early travel was so dangerous, travelers typically undertook long-distance journeys in groups for protection. In India, members of a highly organized professional fraternity of robbers would pose as innocent wayfarers in order to join a group of travelers, only to strangle and rob the entire group at night. Through what means did Thuggee society acquire new members? Discuss