pleasant

amicable, amiable – Amicable implies being well disposed; amiable is acting well disposed and is commonly applied only to people—though sometimes it is used for occasions, while amicable is not applied to people at all but to human interactions and their outcomes. Amiable first meant “kind” or “lovely, lovable,” and amicable first applied to things and meant “pleasant, benign.” More…

jolly – Comes from Old French jolif, “merry, festive, pleasant.” More…

merry – First meant “peaceful” or “pleasant,” which is what it first meant in “Merry Christmas.” More…

soft – First meant “agreeable, pleasant.” More…

The Komos

The komos was a ritualistic drunken procession performed by revelers—called komasts—in ancient Greece at events like weddings and feasts. Though its precise nature can only be guessed from its depiction in vase paintings, scholars have determined that the komos is separate from two similar processions: the formal pompe and the scripted chorus, which, unlike the komos, had a leader. The komos featured music and dancing, and komasts might have carried torches and worn what? Discuss

Umar ibn al-Khattab

After serving as an adviser to Muhammad, Umar succeeded Abu Bakr as caliph of Islam in 634 CE. During his 10-year reign, Islam became an imperial power, with conquests in Syria, Egypt, and the Persian Empire. Umar further laid the administrative base of the empire and reopened the canals of Mesopotamia and the waterway from the Nile to the Red Sea. Before he converted, Umar was hostile to Islam and had in fact plotted to kill Muhammad. Ultimately, however, it was he who was assassinated—by whom? Discuss

mysterious

arcane – Meaning “hidden, secret; mysterious, abstruse,” it is from Latin arcere, “shut up,” from arca, “chest.” More…

god moves in a mysterious way, the worse for wear, variety is the spice of life – “God moves in a mysterious way” originated with poet William Cowper—as did the phrases “the worse for wear” and “variety is the spice of life.” More…

handwriting on the wall, writing on the wall – Handwriting on the wall (or writing on the wall) comes from the Bible (Daniel 5:5-31), in which the prophet interprets some mysterious writing that a disembodied hand has inscribed on the palace wall, telling King Belshazzar that he will be overthrown. More…

fluence – To put the fluence on is to use one’s mysterious, magical, or hypnotic power. More…