The illegitimate son of a Spanish officer of Irish origin, O’Higgins was educated in Peru, Spain, and England. When Napoleon invaded Spain in 1808 and Spanish control of Chile relaxed, O’Higgins became a member of Chile’s new congress. Instrumental in defeating the Spanish in 1817, he was named the first Chilean head of state and proclaimed the country’s independence in 1818. His financial, political, and social reforms aroused opposition, and he was deposed in 1823 and exiled to what country? Discuss