Month: January 2024

Richard Halliburton (1900)

Halliburton was an American adventurer and pioneer of adventure journalism. He liked to recreate historical and legendary feats in his travels, such as Hannibal’s passage over the Alps on an elephant and Odysseus’s journey around the Mediterranean, and made his living writing and lecturing about his experiences. He is, however, perhaps best known for having swum the length of the Panama Canal. He disappeared while attempting to sail a Chinese junk, the Sea Dragon, from Hong Kong to where? Discuss

Lingua Ignota

Lingua Ignota, Latin for “unknown language,” is considered one of the first constructed languages, meaning that it was devised by an individual and did not evolve naturally within a culture. The 12th century abbess Saint Hildegard developed the 23-letter language, describing it in a two-manuscript work containing a 1,011 word glossary. She defines her words in hierarchical order, listing the terms for God and angels before words for humans. What is the language’s relationship to Latin? Discuss

Emily Greene Balch (1867)

Balch was an American economist and sociologist who taught at Wellesley College until her dismissal in 1918 for opposing US involvement in World War I. She was a co-founder, along with Jane Addams, of the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom and served as its international secretary from 1919 to 1922. In 1946, she shared the Nobel Peace Prize with longtime YMCA leader John R. Mott. Balch was among the first graduates of what American college in 1889? Discuss

The Iroquois Confederacy

The Iroquois Confederacy is a North American confederacy of indigenous peoples founded by the prophet Deganawidah and his disciple Hiawatha around 1570. In the early 17th c, it inhabited New York State from the Hudson River north to the St Lawrence River and west to the Genesee River. Once their confederacy, complete with a constitution known as the Gayanashagowa, ceased infighting, the Iroquois rapidly became the one of the strongest forces in N America. What are wampum and how are they used? Discuss

Boris Godunov Becomes Czar of Russia (1598)

A favorite of Ivan the Terrible, Godunov helped organize Ivan’s administrative system. After Ivan’s death, Boris became virtual ruler of Russia, ostensibly as regent for Ivan’s son Feodor I, who was married to Boris’s sister. Boris was widely believed to have ordered the murder of Feodor’s younger brother and heir, Dmitri, to secure succession for himself. Upon Feodor’s death, a ruling class assembly chose Boris as czar. What happened to Boris’ son and successor, Feodor II? Discuss

Saint Marie-Bernarde Soubirous (1844)

Soubirous was a French peasant girl who claimed to see the Virgin Mary in apparitions at a grotto near Lourdes, her home, in 1858. The authorities, skeptical of her visions, subjected her to severe examinations. After years of scrutiny, she was allowed to enter the convent of Notre-Dame de Nevers, where she remained in seclusion until her death at 35. The grotto at Lourdes is now a pilgrimage site, and its waters are reputed to have healing powers. How many pilgrims visit Lourdes each year? Discuss