Dark Nexus

Comanche Moon

The Comanche were one of the first Native American Plains groups to adopt the horse as a significant part of their culture. By the mid-19th century, they were supplying horses to traders and settlers, but because many of the horses had been stolen, the Comanche were often drawn into battle. The group regularly attacked under the full moon, a condition which afforded them better visibility during nighttime raids and led to the term “Comanche Moon.” How far south were the feared raids carried out? Discuss

congeal

Definition: (verb) Become gelatinous.

Synonyms: jell, set.

Usage: We waited patiently for the jello to congeal before cutting it into fun shapes with cookie cutters.

Discuss

Juan Carlos I Becomes King of Spain (1975)

Juan Carlos was groomed for the role by his predecessor Francisco Franco, the Spanish leader who abolished the republic and declared Spain a representative monarchy. He acceded to the throne two days after Franco’s death, becoming the first Spanish king since his grandfather was deposed in 1931. A popular monarch, he presided over Spain’s transition to democracy and acted to maintain political stability. He competed in what Olympic event in 1972? Discuss

Mary of Guise (1515)

Mary of Guise was the queen consort of James V of Scotland and the mother of their daughter—the future Mary Queen of Scots. After the outbreak of war between Scotland and England, Mary arranged her daughter’s betrothal to the French dauphin. Becoming regent, Mary of Guise made no secret of her desire to bring France and Scotland together. In 1559, the Protestants, led by John Knox and allied with England, rose against her and declared her deposed. What happened in the aftermath of her death? Discuss

Chalk Streams

Chalk streams are watercourses originating from chalk hills, where rainwater soaks into the ground and is trapped by porous chalk rock. The chalk acts as an aquifer, filtering the water that passes through it and creating a clear, mineral-rich spring lower down on the slope. Because the chalk also regulates the flow of water to the waterway below, there is little day-to-day variation in the amount of water entering the stream. Such conditions make chalk streams an ideal venue for what activity? Discuss

volition

Definition: (noun) The act or an instance of making a conscious choice or decision.

Synonyms: willing.

Usage: Without volition I leaned toward her, as a tree is swayed by the wind.

Discuss

Cytokine Storms

A cytokine storm is a potentially fatal immune reaction that results from an uncontrolled positive feedback loop between immune cells and cytokines, proteins that facilitate intercellular communication. During an immune response, cytokines prompt immune cells to travel to the site of infection as well as stimulate the production of more cytokines. The body regulates this process, but in some cases it becomes inappropriately elevated. What are the primary symptoms of a cytokine storm?

First Permanent ARPANET Link Is Established (1969)

Funded by the US Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), ARPANET was the first digital network that utilized packet switching, a method of data transmission. A revolutionary technology, it ultimately led to the creation of the modern Internet. The network’s first permanent connection was made between computers at the University of California, Los Angeles, and the Stanford Research Institute. By 1983, more than 300 computers were connected. What was the first message sent through ARPANET? Discuss

Hetty Green (1834)

Green was an American financier and reputedly the wealthiest American woman of her time. In 1865, her father and aunt both died, leaving her an estate valued at $10 million. She invested her inheritance so shrewdly that she came to be regarded as the greatest woman financier in the world, amassing an estate valued at $100-200 million. An extremely miserly woman, the “Witch of Wall Street” allegedly refused a hernia operation because it cost $150. What are some other examples of her stinginess? Discuss