Probably the son of a Christian martyr, Origen studied philosophy in Alexandria and became a prolific writer and famed teacher. A stern ascetic, he castrated himself out of a desire for purity. He held that even Satan was not beyond repentance and salvation, a view for which he was condemned. Although attacked as a heretic, Origen remained an influential thinker throughout late antiquity and the Middle Ages. He died around the year 250, shortly after having survived what? Discuss