Category: Article of the Day

Because archeologists are unsure of its original function, they now use the descriptive term bâton percé, meaning “pierced rod,” to refer to this type of prehistoric artifact. Made from a length of antler with a round hole in one end and often etched with designs, the bâton percé was originally believed to be a symbol of power. Later theories suggest it may have been a fertility symbol, arrow straightener, dress fastener, calendar, or spear thrower. How was the latter theory tested? Discuss

First posited by Konrad Zuse in his 1969 book Rechnender Raum, or Calculating Space, the theory of digital physics suggests that the universe is essentially digital or informational and that the entire history of the universe is actually the output of a computer program. Proponents hypothesize that reality is a computer itself or is being implemented on a computer that creates a simulated reality. What arguments do those who work with quantum mechanics make against digital physics? Discuss

Mimesis is the imitation or representation of nature and human behavior in art. According to Plato, all artistic works are mere imitations of that which exists. Because the substantive reality perceived by man is only a reflection of a higher truth, art is thrice removed from the truth. Aristotle believed that this necessary distance between life and its representation allows a play’s audience to empathize with its characters and achieve catharsis. What Romantic poet theorized about mimesis? Discuss

Burden is a performance artist who emerged as part of the American art scene in the 1970s, performing controversial, dangerous pieces in which he used his own body as the art medium. During a 1971 performance piece titled Shoot, he was shot in his left arm by an assistant standing a short distance away. He was labeled insane following the performance, but it has since become one of his most well-known pieces from the period. Why did he resign from the University of California in 2005? Discuss

The pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands are all part of the endocrine system, a bodily system that is instrumental in regulating metabolism, tissue function, and growth and development. The endocrine system is an integrated network of small glands located throughout the body that release extracellular signaling molecules known as hormones. Hormones travel in the blood to distant targets, where they cause specific physiological responses. What diseases result from endocrine system problems? Discuss

The Trojan Room coffee pot, a coffee pot located in the so-called “Trojan Room” of Cambridge University’s computer laboratory, inspired the development of world’s first webcam in 1991. A camera aimed at the pot allowed people throughout the building—and eventually Internet users worldwide—to see a live image of the coffee pot on their computers and judge whether a trip to the coffee room would be worthwhile at any given moment. What happened to the pot after the webcam was switched off in 2001? Discuss

Transient lunar phenomena are short-lived lights, colors, or other changes in the appearance of the moon’s surface. Reports of such events have been recorded for at least 1,000 years and range from foggy patches to major changes in the lunar landscape. Though some have been observed independently by multiple witnesses or reputable scientists, the vast majority of accounts have come from a single observer or from a single location. What explanations have been given for the phenomena? Discuss

Bloodletting is one of the oldest medical techniques, practiced from antiquity through the 18th century. It involves the withdrawal of considerable quantities of blood from a patient, and practitioners believe it can cure or prevent a number of illnesses and diseases. Numerous bloodletting methods have been employed over the centuries, including drawing blood directly from large veins, puncturing arteries, and even using leeches. A form of bloodletting is still used today to treat what diseases? Discuss

An essential part of almost all cellular processes, enzymes are biological catalysts, proteins that can accelerate the rates of chemical reactions by several orders of magnitude. Enzymes serve a wide variety of functions inside living organisms, especially in the digestive systems of animals, where they help break down large molecules like starches and proteins. Like a key for a lock, each enzyme is specific to one molecule. What household products use enzymes to speed up biochemical reactions? Discuss

The term “Orientalism,” when used to refer to Westerners’ study of Eastern cultures and peoples, has negative connotations, implying old-fashioned, prejudiced, outsider interpretations of the East. However, the term also refers to the imitation or depiction of aspects of Eastern cultures in the West by writers, designers, artists, and architects. Examples include Western attempts—from the Renaissance to the 18th century—to imitate the technical sophistication of what Chinese art form? Discuss