The MiG-25

The Soviet built Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25 bomber and interceptor aircraft entered into service in 1970. With a top speed of Mach 3.2, powerful radar, and 4 air-to-air missiles, the MiG-25 was a formidable opponent. Before entering operational service, 4 MiG-25Rs were flown over Israel roughly 20 times. Israeli intelligence knew when these flights were scheduled but was unable to intercept the planes. The MiG-25s used during these bold missions were temporarily in the service of whose air force? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

The Boomerang

The boomerang is a sickle-shaped throwing stick used mainly by the Aborigines of Australia. Its arms are slightly curved, and when it is thrown, the boomerang generally follows an arc-shaped trajectory. Recreational boomerangs often travel along a circular path and return to the thrower, but other, larger versions do not return and are used in hunting and warfare. What famous king owned a collection of boomerangs more than 3,000 years ago? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Moss Piglets and Water Bears

Tardigrades, commonly known as moss piglets or water bears, can be found living in water, damp moss, flower petals, and sand all around the world. The minute invertebrates are usually 1 mm (0.04 inches) or smaller in size and have a head, four fused body segments, and eight claw-ended legs. Tardigrades are able to resist extremely low temperature, pressure, and humidity, and go into dormant states for months or even years. How many years can a moss piglet survive without water? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

The Revolutionary Guards of Iran

The Islamic Revolution’s Guards (IRG) is the largest branch of Iran’s military. It is separate from, and parallel to, the other arm of the Iran’s military and is equipped with its own ground forces, navy, air force, intelligence, and special forces. The IRG’s stated role is to maintain national security, yet the force is also rumored to have ties with terrorist organizations like Hezbollah. The IRG also controls the Basij force, which has a potential strength of how many million volunteers? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Antivenin: The Antidote

Antivenin is a biological material used to neutralize the venom of poisonous creatures like snakes, scorpions, spiders, and other insects. The antitoxins are created by injecting a small amount of venom into a serum-producing animal such as a horse, sheep, goat, or rabbit. The subject animal then suffers an immune response to the venom and produces antibodies which can be harvested from its blood and used to treat envenomation in others. What is mithridatism, and why is it so named? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Trembling Madness

Delirium tremens, known colloquially as the DTs, is an acute, sometimes fatal episode of delirium generally caused by alcohol withdrawal following habitual excessive drinking. A patient suffering from the DTs may experience sweating, hallucinations, tremors, and convulsions, as well as increased heart rate and body temperature. In severe cases, delirium tremens may lead to hypothermia, cardiovascular collapse, and death. When left untreated, what percentage of DT sufferers die during withdrawal? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

The Aramaic Language

During the 12th century BCE, Aramaean nomads, the native speakers of Aramaic, began to settle in modern-day Syria, Iraq, and Turkey. As Aramaic grew in importance, it spread throughout the Fertile Crescent as a lingua franca, or common language, and settlers and missionaries later brought the Semitic language to parts of N Africa, Europe, Persia, India, and China. What 2004 film became a major box-office success despite the fact that most of its dialogue is spoken in ancient Aramaic? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Destroying Angels

Originally reserved as a delicacy for the elite, edible mushrooms are now extensively grown on a commercial scale. There are, however, many poisonous species of mushroom, and the destroying angels of the Amanita genus are among the most toxic mushrooms known to man. Destroying angels are characterized by their white stalks and gills and have a telltale collar-like structure, or volva, at the base of their stalks. How soon after ingesting the toxic mushroom do symptoms of poisoning appear?

Source: The Free Dictionary

Prokaryota: The First Living Cells

It is generally accepted that the first living cells on Earth were some form of prokaryote. In biology, a prokaryote is generally a single-celled organism that lacks membrane-bound organelles such as a nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. Genetic material is instead organized into a ring-like structure called a nucleoid. Most prokaryotes are bacteria, and the two terms are often treated as synonyms. What are the four basic shapes of prokaryotic cells? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

The Eon of Earth’s Formation

The Hadean geologic eon began when the Earth was formed an estimated 4.6 billion years ago and ended approximately 800 million years later. There remain few geological traces of this period on Earth, but toward the end of the 20th c, geologists identified a few rocks and zircon crystals that dated to the Hadean. The eon’s name is derived from Hades, a Greek word now used as a synonym for hell, and may be a reference to the conditions on Earth at the time. How hot was Earth’s surface then? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary