Carlos Chagas (1879)

Chagas was a Brazilian physician who discovered in 1909 what is now called Chagas’ disease. Caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the disease of South and Central America usually affects children and is transmitted by the feces of infected insects. Chagas’s work is unique in the history of medicine in that he alone completely described a new infectious disease, including its pathogen, vector, host, clinical manifestations, and epidemiology. What insect often transmits Chagas disease? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Elisabeth Kübler-Ross (1926)

Kübler-Ross was a Swiss-American psychiatrist whose pioneering work in the field of thanatology—the study of death and dying—has had a lasting influence on the medical community. In her groundbreaking book, On Death and Dying, she first discussed what is now known as the Kübler-Ross model, which uses the “five stages of grief” to explain the experience of dying patients: denial, anger, bargaining for time, depression, and acceptance. What other medical movement did Kübler-Ross influence? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Satchel Paige (1906)

Reputed to have won 2,000 of the 2,500 games he pitched during his nearly 30-year career, Paige first made a name for himself playing in the Negro baseball leagues. In 1948, shortly after Jackie Robinson broke baseball’s race barrier, the 42-year-old Paige entered the major leagues. In his first season, he helped his team earn a World Series victory. In 1971, he became the first Negro leagues star to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame. Who called Paige the best pitcher he ever faced? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Frida Kahlo (1907)

Kahlo, a Mexican artist noted for her self-portraits, taught herself to paint while recovering from a severe bus accident that crippled her as a teen and required her to undergo some 35 operations. Drawing on her personal experiences, her works often starkly portray pain and the harsh lives of women. Though once known only as the wife of famous Mexican artist Diego Rivera, she eventually eclipsed his fame. Of her 143 paintings, how many are self-portraits? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Cecil Rhodes (1853)

Rhodes left England at 18 for South Africa, where he later founded De Beers Consolidated Mines. By 1891, his company was mining 90% of the world’s diamonds. He extended the company’s control to two northern provinces, which were eventually named for him as Southern Rhodesia—now Zimbabwe—and Northern Rhodesia—now Zambia. He is perhaps best known for the eponymous scholarship established by his final will. In his original will, he proposed the establishment of a secret society that would do what? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Meyer Lansky (1902)

Lansky was a Russian-born US gangster. After partnering with Bugsy Siegel as a young man, he joined Lucky Luciano in forming a national crime syndicate. By 1936, he ran gambling operations in Cuba and the US, and by 1970, he had amassed a fortune estimated at $300 million. In 1979, a government investigation linked Lansky with Jack Ruby, the nightclub owner who killed Lee Harvey Oswald, the assassin of President John F. Kennedy. In what wartime effort did Lansky partner with the US government? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Robert Adam (1728)

One of the greatest architects of the late 18th century, Adam was a Scottish architect and designer whose work influenced the development of Western architecture both in Europe and North America. Along with his brother James, he developed the Adam style, an essentially decorative style of architecture that is most remembered for its application in interiors and is characterized by contrasting room shapes and delicate Classical ornaments. What are some of Adam’s most famous projects? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Thurgood Marshall (1908)

As the chief legal counsel of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People for more than 20 years, Marshall argued 32 cases before the US Supreme Court, successfully challenging racial segregation, most notably in Brown v. Board of Education. In 1967, he became the first African American appointed to the Supreme Court, a position he held until his retirement in 1991. How many of the 32 cases that Marshall argued before the Supreme Court did he win? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, Comte de Rochambeau (1725)

Rochambeau was a French army officer who was put in command of a French army of 6,000 and sent to join the Continental Army in the American Revolution. He joined forces with George Washington in 1781 and marched to Yorktown, where they forced a British surrender that led to the end of the war. In 1783, he returned to France, where he commanded the Army of the North in the French Revolution and was made a marshal of France. What happened to Rochambeau during the Reign of Terror? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Lena Horne (1917)

An iconic American singer and actress, Horne began dancing at Harlem’s Cotton Club as a teen and, with the help of her stunning voice and good looks, was soon singing with popular bands. She went on to record and perform extensively and appeared in a number of musicals and films, including Stormy Weather, whose title song became her signature. Her one-woman show, Lena Horne: The Lady and Her Music, was hailed as her masterpiece. Why was Horne blacklisted in the 1950s? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary