Jean-Paul Sartre Refuses the Nobel Prize (1964)

A French philosopher, playwright, and novelist, Sartre was a leading exponent of 20th-century existentialism. His works examine man as a responsible but lonely being, burdened with a terrifying freedom to choose, adrift in a meaningless universe. He served in the army during World War II, was taken prisoner, escaped, and was involved in the resistance, writing his first plays during the occupation. After the war, his writings became increasingly influential. Why did he refuse the Nobel Prize? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Jidai Matsuri

Jidai Matsuri is one of the three great festivals of Kyoto, Japan, commemorating the founding of the city as capital in the year 794. A procession of more than 2,000 costumed people depict the epochs or ages in Kyoto’s history. They parade from the Imperial Palace to the Heian Shrine, which was built in the 18th century as a dedication to the emperors who established Kyoto as the capital. The capital was moved in 1868 to Tokyo, and the festival stems from that time. Among the paraders is one representing Gen. Toyotomi Hideyoshi, a patron of the arts under whom Kyoto flourished. Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Robert Rauschenberg (1925)

One of contemporary American art’s most prolific and influential figures, Rauschenberg was a painter whose three-dimensional collages, known as “combines,” incorporated objects—such as soda bottles and stuffed birds—and anticipated the emerging pop art movement, of which he became a pivotal figure. He later used silk-screening to transfer images from print media to canvas. What did Rauschenberg submit to a gallery exhibition for which artists were asked to create portraits of the gallery owner? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Hypertrichosis

Hypertrichosis, commonly known as “Werewolf syndrome,” is an extremely rare condition that results in the excess growth of body hair. The syndrome can be generalized across the body or localized to a specific area and ranges from mild to severe. Hypertrichosis is believed to result from genetic factors and is rarely found in its severe form. Those who are strongly affected often display excessive, animal-like hair on the face and body. What is the cure for congenital hypertrichosis? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

HMAS Australia Is First Ship Ever Hit by Kamikaze Attack (1944)

In Japanese, kamikaze means “divine wind,” a reference to the typhoon that foiled the Mongol invasion of Japan in 1281. In World War II, the term was used for Japanese pilots who made deliberate suicidal crashes into enemy targets. Such attacks sank 34 ships and damaged hundreds, killing thousands. In the lead up to the Battle of Leyte Gulf, the Royal Australian Navy’s HMAS Australia became perhaps the first ship damaged by a kamikaze. How many kamikaze attacks did it survive? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Chung Yeung

A Chinese holiday, Chung Yeung is the second family-remembrance day of the year. It’s customary, as on the festival of Qing Ming, for families to visit the graves of ancestors, tend their gravestones, and make offerings of food, which are eaten after the ceremonies are completed. It’s also traditional on this day for people to go to the hills for picnics and kite-flying, which stems from traditional lore that holds that kites can convey bad luck up into the sky. It is a public holiday in some places, including Hong Kong and Macau. Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772)

One of the most versatile and influential figures in the English Romantic movement, Coleridge was a poet and critic who perfected a sensuous lyricism in his poetry that was echoed by many later poets. His most famous works include “Rime of the Ancient Mariner” and “Kubla Khan.” Known for his influential lectures on Shakespeare, he later wrote Biographia Literaria, the most significant work of general literary criticism of the Romantic period. To what drug was Coleridge addicted? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary

Queen Tamar

Queen Tamar ruled the Kingdom of Georgia from 1184 to 1213, ascending to the throne after her father’s death. Her outstanding success as a ruler during Georgia’s “golden age” earned her the nickname “King of Kings and Queen of Queens.” Tamar led the Georgian army in a number of military victories, and, in the early 13th century, Georgia annexed the Armenian capitals of Ani and Dvin. Tamar also suppressed a number of rebellions during her reign. Where is she buried? Discuss

Source: The Free Dictionary